Undoubtedly, water is one of fundamental factors, which ensures the socio-economic and ecological stability of the Central Asian region – 80% of all water resources of region are formed by the glaciers and snow. All water resources of Aral Sea basin are linked with basins of two trans-border rivers – AmuDarya and SyrDarya. This critical issue is vividly observed, particularly, in the most densely populated region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which has a largest irrigation area – 4.31 million hectares that means less than 10 % of total area. Considering that only about 20% of available water resources are formed within the country, Uzbekistan especially is interested in improving the efficiency of water management.
The annual average resource of surface water of Syrdarya and Amudarya bassins 114,4 km3
The limit of the Republic of Uzbekistan, according to Nukus Declaration (1995) 63,0 km3
incl. river water 53,5 km3
The actual estimated value:
max. 51, 0 km3
min. 44,0 km3
Currently, the increasing water consumption with the constant, and sometimes progressive reduction of its resources, requires even more rational use of water – the development and realization of measures on reduction of water consumption and increase of waste water treatment efficiency for the resource savings, environmental protection and increase of economic efficiency in industry, housing and agriculture.
Nowadays, the introduction of modern water-saving technologies, automated control and management systems of water distribution, the measures on improvement of technical condition of water facilities and ameliorative state of irrigated lands, the agriculture diversification and so on are realized in the Republic of Uzbekistan.
The fact that almost 32 mln. population of Uzbekistan are inhabitants of rural area (https://www.gazeta.uz/2016/07/20/population/), requires the government to carry out more sufficient radical measures on the modification of water supply of rural population. Undoubtedly, it is not only the effective methods of water supply and management, but also modern science-based methods for guarantying of wastewater utilization and recycling, that, in its turn, already related to the issues of environment pollution and ecology of the region in general.
At this time, the active construction of new modern rural settlements in the Republic, the main features of which are remoteness and location of individual settlements at long distance from each other, and – the disposal of small amount of waste water have increased the need for searching the technical solutions, which, at the appropriate level of sanitary and ecological safety, would be characterized by the acceptable technical and economic indicators.
In 2014-2015 in rural areas of the country, 624 new residential complexes were commissioned, in which more than 23 thousand of individual residential houses were created and more than 830 kilometers of pipelines for drinking water supply were constructed. 586 kilometers of power lines, 740 kilometers of gas pipelines and 546 kilometers of roads were built, and finally 356 objects of market and social infrastructure were put into the operation. http://senat.uz/ru/news/2016/27-05.html
In the construction of sewerage systems for the settlements, the cost for waste water treatment plants is in total 1/3 of all costs, the other 2/3 are networks. Accordingly, the creation of centralized sewerage systems and separate facilities in rural area is quite expensive, especially, if there is need for transportation of wastewater over the long distances. On the other hand, the construction without sewerage system and use of only traditional sanitation systems in individual building can cause the significant negative impact on the environment and deterioration of sanitary conditions.
The task relevant to searching, assessment and implementation of effective technical solutions for organization of sewerage system in rural areas is the challenge not only of Uzbekistan but, in general, of our time.
The practice of sewerage system design and construction in non-urban settlements does not have a simple and unique solution. The selection of concrete technical realization is defined more by the local conditions (topography, soils, communications, etc.) and budget limitations. Moreover, the selection of one or another system cannot be the final solution of this problem, since the effectiveness of system operation, mostly, depends on the professionalism of involved specialists – starting from the design to the commissioning procedures, including the construction and installation of engineering facilities and high-tech equipment.
The water treatment systems, which priori should be simple in design and operation, in addition, allowing to achieve the required degree of cleaning, have a great role in the efficiency of sewerage system operation in rural areas. In many cases, the construction and operation of rural sewage treatment plants are more complicated than the construction and operation of urban treatment plants. It can be explained by that the inflow of wastewater from small rural settlements to the treatment plants is characterized by the huge amount of pollution (nitrogen and phosphorus) and higher variation factor.
Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater by using of biological method is one of the most difficult processes because in the limit of one facility it is necessary to perform four different closely interrelated processes (oxidation of organic matter, nitrification, denitrification and biological removal of phosphorus).
Therefore, the design of the most effective drainage systems and water treatment systems with analytical calculations of all economic and territorial characteristics of targeted rural area, such as:
* construction (reconstruction) of facilities;
* manufacture of special equipment;
* lying of engineering communications;
* installation works and set up
require the comprehensive involvement of highly-qualified personnel of various specializations – engineers, economists, ecologists, etc.
As a rule, the special design institutes provide the services for design and construction of sewerage system and water treatment facilities, and the production enterprises are engaged in manufacture of engineering equipment. Moreover, in order to obtain a certificate of construction compliance to all technical and economic requirements, the client needs the services of specialized companies for supervision and construction expertise. Besides the significant financial costs, the client spends a lot of time and efforts on agreement of all necessary documents by authorities and search of universal suppliers of services for all abovementioned requirements.
Nowadays, only a small number of organizations in the Republic of Uzbekistan can provide such services. And, the company True Engineering Supervision Ltd. (hereinafter TES) is one of them.
True Engineering Supervision Ltd. is a multi-industry engineering and consulting company, which provides the highly qualified services to the clients of the former Soviet Union for development and reorganization, construction and modernization of structures and objects of various industries. The company has an international experience of many years in the implementation of projects in such spheres as infrastructure development, business processes and human resources management and engineering.
The undisputable privilege of TES is that the company has positioned itself as a supplier of high-quality services for technical supervision and construction expertise, which based on a comprehensive implementation of investment projects for construction of objects of industrial and commercial property, the application of innovative technologies, quality management of construction investment projects on the basis of international best practices.
For carrying out of laboratory researches on impact of industrial and soil pollution, natural water and air and other various types of waste, TES, on a regular basis, collaborates with specialized research laboratories in Uzbekistan, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, the Czech Republic, Azerbaijan, Georgia and the Republic of Belarus.
The experts of True Engineering Supervision are professionals, their qualification increases constantly both theoretically and practically, and covers such areas as civil construction, petroleum production and refining, water supply and sanitation, agriculture and irrigation, communications, utilities and others. The experts of TES clearly know and skillfully use in practice the rules and regulations of the International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC), Construction regulations of the Republic of Uzbekistan (KMK and SHNK), the Standards of the Republic of Uzbekistan (RST Uz, GOST) and other regulatory acts in the field of construction.